Wagner's Score as a Tool for Assessing Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Predicting Surgical Intervention in a County Hospital in Guatemala

2024, Volume 2, Issue 1

AUTHOR(S)

Benjamin Popokh, Tanya Reyna, Cesar Ortiz, MD

DOI

https://doi.org/10.59016/avaghj.83905

References

[1] Lin, X., Xu, Y., Pan, X. et al. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci Rep 10, 14790 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9
[2] Staehelin Jensen T. The pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy and clinical presentation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023;206 Suppl 1:110753. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110753
[3] Oliver TI, Mutluoglu M. Diabetic Foot Ulcer. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537328/
[4] Harika Yadav, Devanshi Shah, Shahin Sayed, Susan Horton, Lee F Schroeder, Availability of essential diagnostics in ten low-income and middle-income countries: results from national health facility surveys, The Lancet Global Health, Volume 9, Issue 11, 2021, Pages e1553-e1560, ISSN 2214-109X, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00442-3.
[5] Joel W. Hay, Elizabeth Lawler, Kent Yucel, Amy Guo, Thomas Balzer, John Michael Gaziano, Richard E. Scranton, Cost Impact of Diagnostic Imaging for Lower Extremity Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease, Value in Health, Volume 12, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 262-266, ISSN 1098-3015, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00438.x.
[6] Armstrong, D.G., Wrobel, J. and Robbins, J.M. (2007), Guest Editorial: are diabetes-related wounds and amputations worse than cancer?. International Wound Journal, 4: 286-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2007.00392.x
[7] Vera-Cruz PN, Palmes PP, Tonogan L, Troncillo AH. Comparison of WIFi, University of Texas and Wagner Classification Systems as Major Amputation Predictors for Admitted Diabetic Foot Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. Malays Orthop J. 2020 Nov;14(3):114-123. doi: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.018. PMID: 33403071; PMCID: PMC7751999.
[8] Shah P, Inturi R, Anne D, Jadhav D, Viswambharan V, Khadilkar R, Dnyanmote A, Shahi S. Wagner's Classification as a Tool for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Our Observations at a Suburban Teaching Hospital. Cureus. 2022 Jan 22;14(1):e21501. doi: 10.7759/cureus.21501. PMID: 35223277; PMCID: PMC8861474.
[9] “Diabetes.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes. Accessed 10 Apr. 2024.
[10] Murphy-Lavoie HM, Ramsey A, Nguyen M, et al. Diabetic Foot Infections. [Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441914/
[11] Addressing Asia's fast growing diabetes epidemic. Bull World Health Organ. 2017 Aug 1;95(8):550-551. doi: 10.2471/BLT.17.020817. PMID: 28804165; PMCID: PMC5537752.
[12] Wagner FW. The Dysvascular Foot: A System for Diagnosis and Treatment. Foot & Ankle. 1981;2(2):64-122. doi:10.1177/107110078100200202
[13] Sharma MG, Popli H. Challenges for Lower-Middle-Income Countries in Achieving Universal Healthcare: An Indian Perspective. Cureus. 2023 Jan 13;15(1):e33751. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33751. PMID: 36655151; PMCID: PMC9839153.
[14] Reyna T, Flores M, Quinonez E, Medoza JA, Corzo F, Ortiz C, Huerta, S. Predictors of Major Amputations in Diabetic Foot Infections at a County Hospital Guatemala. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Academic Surgical Congress (2024): Washington, DC.
[15] Guatemala | Unicef, www.unicef.org/media/110771/file/Guatemala-Case_Study-Being-Prepared-Acting-First-2021.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr. 2024.
[16] “Overview.” World Bank, www.worldbank.org/en/country/guatemala/overview.
[17] Lkagel. “Running a Business Empowers Guatemalan Women %.” TechnoServe, 20 Oct. 2020, www.technoserve.org/blog/running-a-business-empowers-guatemalan-women/.
[18] Dinh T, Veves A. The influence of gender as a risk factor in diabetic foot ulceration. Wounds. 2008;20(5):127-131.
[19] Lee KS, Lee H, Park JH. Association between Residence Location and Pre-Hospital Delay in Patients with Heart Failure. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 21;18(12):6679. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126679. PMID: 34205798; PMCID: PMC8296403.
[20] Rosinha P, Saraiva M, Ferreira L, Garrido S, Carvalho A, Freitas C, Amaral C, Costa L, Loureiro L, Carvalho R. A Retrospective Cohort Study on Diabetic Foot Disease: Ascertainment of Ulcer Locations by Age Group. Cureus. 2022 Aug 19;14(8):e28189. doi: 10.7759/cureus.28189. PMID: 36158367; PMCID: PMC9491625.
[21] Shareef AM, Ahmedani MY, Waris N. Strong association of anemia in people with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs): Study from a specialist foot care center. Pak J Med Sci. 2019 Sep-Oct;35(5):1216-1220. doi: 10.12669/pjms.35.5.1421. PMID: 31488981; PMCID: PMC6717462.

← Back to Publications